Scientific Studies

L Arginine:

1. Sureda, A., & Pons, A. (2012). Arginine and citrulline supplementation in sports and exercise: ergogenic nutrients?. Medicine and sport science, 59, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000341937

2. Szefel, J., Danielak, A., & Kruszewski, W. J. (2019). Metabolic pathways of L-arginine and therapeutic consequences in tumors. Advances in medical sciences, 64(1), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.018

3. Rodrigues-Krause, J., Krause, M., Rocha, I., Umpierre, D., & Fayh, A. (2018). Association of l-Arginine Supplementation with Markers of Endothelial Function in Patients with Cardiovascular or Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010015

4. Hu, S., Han, M., Rezaei, A., Li, D., Wu, G., & Ma, X. (2017). L-Arginine Modulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes. Current protein & peptide science, 18(6), 599–608. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160627074017

L-Ornithine:

5. Sugino, T., Shirai, T., Kajimoto, Y., & Kajimoto, O. (2008). L-ornithine   supplementation attenuates physical fatigue in healthy volunteers by modulating lipid and amino acid metabolism. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 28(11), 738–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.08.008

African Mango:

6. Ngondi, J. L., Etoundi, B. C., Nyangono, C. B., Mbofung, C. M., & Oben, J. E. (2009). IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation. Lipids in health and disease, 8, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-8-7

L-carnitine:

7. Ferreira, G. C., & McKenna, M. C. (2017). L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain. Neurochemical research, 42(6), 1661–1675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-017-2288-7

Niacin

8. Gasperi, V., Sibilano, M., Savini, I., & Catani, M. V. (2019). Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(4), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040974

9. Gentilcore D. (2016). Louis Sambon and the Clash of Pellagra Etiologies in Italy and the United States, 1905-14. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, 71(1), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrv002

10. Kirkland J. B. (2009). Niacin status and treatment-related leukemogenesis. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 8(4), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0042

11. Hoskin, P., Rojas, A., & Saunders, M. (2009). Accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen, and nicotinamide (ARCON) in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer: mature results of a Phase II nonrandomized study. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 73(5), 1425–1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1950

Macca Root

12. Dording, C. M., Schettler, P. J., Dalton, E. D., Parkin, S. R., Walker, R. S., Fehling, K. B., Fava, M., & Mischoulon, D. (2015). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of maca root as treatment for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in women. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015, 949036. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/949036

Rhodiola Rosea

13. Pu, W. L., Zhang, M. Y., Bai, R. Y., Sun, L. K., Li, W. H., Yu, Y. L., Zhang, Y., Song, L., Wang, Z. X., Peng, Y. F., Shi, H., Zhou, K., & Li, T. X. (2020). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rhodiola rosea L.: A review. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 121, 109552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109552

Beta Alanine:

14. Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Wilborn, C. D., Sale, C., Kreider, R. B., Jäger, R., Earnest, C. P., Bannock, L., Campbell, B., Kalman, D., Ziegenfuss, T. N., & Antonio, J. (2015). International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y

Astragalus:

15. Auyeung, K. K., Han, Q. B., & Ko, J. K. (2016). Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 44(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X16500014

16. Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., & Xu, H. (2019). Effect of Astragalus polysaccharide in treatment of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 39(1), 133–138.

Glutamine:

17. Cruzat, V., Macedo Rogero, M., Noel Keane, K., Curi, R., & Newsholme, P. (2018). Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients, 10(11), 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111564

Pygenum Africanum:

18. Salinas-Casado, J., Esteban-Fuertes, M., Carballido-Rodríguez, J., & Cozar-Olmo, J. M. (2020). Review of the experience and evidence of Pygeum africanum in urological practice. Revisión sobre la experiencia y evidencias del Pygeum africanum en Urología. Actas urologicas espanolas, 44(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acuro.2019.08.002

Green Coffee Bean:

20. Haidari, F., Samadi, M., Mohammadshahi, M., Jalali, M. T., & Engali, K. A. (2017). Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 26(6), 1048–1054. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.022017.03

Raspberry Ketone

21. Lim, S. H., & Choi, C. I. (2021). Potentials of Raspberry Ketone as a Natural Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030482

22. Park K. S. (2010). Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta medica, 76(15), 1654–1658. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249860

Garcinia Cambogia

23. Semwal, R. B., Semwal, D. K., Vermaak, I., & Viljoen, A. (2015). A comprehensive scientific overview of Garcinia cambogia. Fitoterapia, 102, 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2015.02.012

Caffeine Anhydrous

24. Guest, N. S., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Nelson, M. T., Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Jenkins, N., Arent, S. M., Antonio, J., Stout, J. R., Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Goldstein, E. R., Kalman, D. S., & Campbell, B. I. (2021). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4

Green Tea Extract

25. Rothenberg, D. O., Zhou, C., & Zhang, L. (2018). A Review on the Weight-Loss Effects of Oxidized Tea Polyphenols. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 23(5), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051176

26. Bogdanski, P., Suliburska, J., Szulinska, M., Stepien, M., Pupek-Musialik, D., & Jablecka, A. (2012). Green tea extract reduces blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress and improves parameters associated with insulin resistance in obese, hypertensive patients. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 32(6), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.05.007

27. Haidari, F., Samadi, M., Mohammadshahi, M., Jalali, M. T., & Engali, K. A. (2017). Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 26(6), 1048–1054. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.022017.03

Apple Cider Vinegar

28. Kausar, S., Humayun, A., Ahmed, Z., Abbas, M., & Tahir, A. (2019). Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar on Glycemic Control, Hyperlipidemia and Control on Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 8, 59-74.

29. Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Najafgholizadeh, A., Clark, C., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2021). The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 21(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03351-w

30. Petsiou, E. I., Mitrou, P. I., Raptis, S. A., & Dimitriadis, G. D. (2014). Effect and mechanisms of action of vinegar on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and body weight. Nutrition reviews, 72(10), 651–661. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12125

Grape Seed Extract:

31. Sochorova, L., Prusova, B., Cebova, M., Jurikova, T., Mlcek, J., Adamkova, A., Nedomova, S., Baron, M., & Sochor, J. (2020). Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(22), 5311. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225311

Iodine/Kelp

32. Aakre, I., Tveito Evensen, L., Kjellevold, M., Dahl, L., Henjum, S., Alexander, J., Madsen, L., & Markhus, M. W. (2020). Iodine Status and Thyroid Function in a Group of Seaweed Consumers in Norway. Nutrients, 12(11), 3483. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113483

L-Citrulline:

33. Barkhidarian, B., Khorshidi, M., Shab-Bidar, S., & Hashemi, B. (2019). Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 9(1), 10–20.

34. Figueroa, A., Wong, A., Jaime, S. J., & Gonzales, J. U. (2017). Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 20(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340

35. Bahri, S., Zerrouk, N., Aussel, C., Moinard, C., Crenn, P., Curis, E., Chaumeil, J. C., Cynober, L., & Sfar, S. (2013). Citrulline: from metabolism to therapeutic use. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 29(3), 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.002

Calcium Carbonate

36. Khaing, W., Vallibhakara, S. A., Tantrakul, V., Vallibhakara, O., Rattanasiri, S., McEvoy, M., Attia, J., & Thakkinstian, A. (2017). Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 9(10), 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101141

37. Courteix, D., Jaffré, C., Lespessailles, E., & Benhamou, L. (2005). Cumulative effects of calcium supplementation and physical activity on bone accretion in premenarchal children: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. International journal of sports medicine, 26(5), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821040

Vitamin B-6

38. Ueland, P. M., McCann, A., Midttun, Ø., & Ulvik, A. (2017). Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Molecular aspects of medicine, 53, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001

39. Bird R. P. (2018). The Emerging Role of Vitamin B6 in Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Advances in food and nutrition research, 83, 151–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.004

40. Mascolo, E., & Vernì, F. (2020). Vitamin B6 and Diabetes: Relationship and Molecular Mechanisms. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(10), 3669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103669

Branch Chain Amino Acids

41. Nie, C., He, T., Zhang, W., Zhang, G., & Ma, X. (2018). Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(4), 954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19040954

42. Fan, P., Li, L., Rezaei, A., Eslamfam, S., Che, D., & Ma, X. (2015). Metabolites of Dietary Protein and Peptides by Intestinal Microbes and their Impacts on Gut. Current protein & peptide science, 16(7), 646–654. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203716666150630133657

Whey Protein Concentrate

43. Teixeira, F. J., Santos, H. O., Howell, S. L., & Pimentel, G. D. (2019). Whey protein in cancer therapy: A narrative review. Pharmacological research, 144, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.019

44. Colonetti, T., Grande, A. J., Milton, K., Foster, C., Alexandre, M. C., Uggioni, M. L., & Rosa, M. I. (2017). Effects of whey protein supplement in the elderly submitted to resistance training: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 68(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1232702

45. Marshall K. (2004). Therapeutic applications of whey protein. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 9(2), 136–156.

Whey Protein Isolate

46. A Castro, L. H., S de Araújo, F. H., M Olimpio, M. Y., B de B Primo, R., T Pereira, T., F Lopes, L. A., B S de M Trindade, E., Fernandes, R., & A Oesterreich, S. (2019). Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners. Nutrients, 11(9), 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092047

Creatine Monohydrate

47. Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., … Lopez, H. L. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 18. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z

48. Di Biase, S., Ma, X., Wang, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y. C., Smith, D. J., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Kim, Y. J., Clarke, N., To, A., & Yang, L. (2019). Creatine uptake regulates CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. The Journal of experimental medicine, 216(12), 2869–2882. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182044

49. Kazak, L., & Cohen, P. (2020). Creatine metabolism: energy homeostasis, immunity and cancer biology. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 16(8), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0365-5

50. Ebrahimi, K., Jourkesh, M., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Stannard, S. R., Earnest, C. P., Ramsbottom, R., Antonio, J., & Navin, K. H. (2020). Effects of Physical Activity on Brain Energy Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Diseases. Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 8(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases8020018

Vitamin B-12

51. van de Lagemaat, E. E., de Groot, L., & van den Heuvel, E. (2019). Vitamin B12 in Relation to Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 11(2), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020482

52. Romain, M., Sviri, S., Linton, D. M., Stav, I., & van Heerden, P. V. (2016). The role of Vitamin B12 in the critically ill–a review. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 44(4), 447–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1604400410

53. Shipton, M. J., & Thachil, J. (2015). Vitamin B12 deficiency – A 21st century perspective . Clinical medicine (London, England), 15(2), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145

L-Theanine

54. Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ishida, I., Yasukawa, Z., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102362

55. De Felice, M., Renard, J., Hudson, R., Szkudlarek, H. J., Pereira, B. J., Schmid, S., Rushlow, W. J., & Laviolette, S. R. (2021). l-Theanine Prevents Long-Term Affective and Cognitive Side Effects of Adolescent Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure and Blocks Associated Molecular and Neuronal Abnormalities in the Mesocorticolimbic Circuitry. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 41(4), 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1050-20.2020

Bacopa monnieri

56. Nemetchek, M. D., Stierle, A. A., Stierle, D. B., & Lurie, D. I. (2017). The Ayurvedic plant Bacopa monnieri inhibits inflammatory pathways in the brain. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 197, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.073

57. Kongkeaw, C., Dilokthornsakul, P., Thanarangsarit, P., Limpeanchob, N., & Norman Scholfield, C. (2014). Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 528–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008

58. Sukumaran, N. P., Amalraj, A., & Gopi, S. (2019). Neuropharmacological and cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst – A review on its mechanistic aspects. Complementary therapies in medicine, 44, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.016

59. Lurie DI CJ. The role of bacopa monnieri in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In: Motohashi N, editor. Occurrences, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Health Benefits Based on Their Evidences of Medicinal Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits. Nova Science Publishers; New York, USA: 2015a. pp. 27–61. [Google Scholar]

N-Acetyl Tyrosine

60. Hoffer, L. J., Sher, K., Saboohi, F., Bernier, P., MacNamara, E. M., & Rinzler, D. (2003). N-acetyl-L-tyrosine as a tyrosine source in adult parenteral nutrition. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 27(6), 419–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607103027006419

61. Ipson, B. R., & Fisher, A. L. (2016). Roles of the tyrosine isomers meta-tyrosine and ortho-tyrosine in oxidative stress. Ageing research reviews, 27, 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.005

Choline Bitrate

62. Velazquez, R., Ferreira, E., Knowles, S., Fux, C., Rodin, A., Winslow, W., & Oddo, S. (2019). Lifelong choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease pathology and associated cognitive deficits by attenuating microglia activation. Aging cell, 18(6), e13037. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13037

63 Jadavji, N. M., Emmerson, J. T., MacFarlane, A. J., Willmore, W. G., & Smith, P. D. (2017). B-vitamin and choline supplementation increases neuroplasticity and recovery after stroke. Neurobiology of disease, 103, 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.001

64. Jacobson, S. W., Carter, R. C., Molteno, C. D., Stanton, M. E., Herbert, J. S., Lindinger, N. M., Lewis, C. E., Dodge, N. C., Hoyme, H. E., Zeisel, S. H., Meintjes, E. M., Duggan, C. P., & Jacobson, J. L. (2018). Efficacy of Maternal Choline Supplementation During Pregnancy in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Growth and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 42(7), 1327–1341. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13769

Folic Acid

65. Bailey, L. B., Stover, P. J., McNulty, H., Fenech, M. F., Gregory, J. F., 3rd, Mills, J. L., Pfeiffer, C. M., Fazili, Z., Zhang, M., Ueland, P. M., Molloy, A. M., Caudill, M. A., Shane, B., Berry, R. J., Bailey, R. L., Hausman, D. B., Raghavan, R., & Raiten, D. J. (2015). Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review. The Journal of nutrition, 145(7), 1636S–1680S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.206599

White Kidney Bean

66. Nolan, R., Shannon, O. M., Robinson, N., Joel, A., Houghton, D., & Malcomson, F. C. (2020). It’s No Has Bean: A Review of the Effects of White Kidney Bean Extract on Body Composition and Metabolic Health. Nutrients, 12(5), 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051398

67. Udani, J., & Singh, B. B. (2007). Blocking carbohydrate absorption and weight loss: a clinical trial using a proprietary fractionated white bean extract. Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 13(4), 32–37.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid

68. den Hartigh L. J. (2019). Conjugated Linoleic Acid Effects on Cancer, Obesity, and Atherosclerosis: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Human Trials with Current Perspectives. Nutrients, 11(2), 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020370

69. Lehnen, T. E., da Silva, M. R., Camacho, A., Marcadenti, A., & Lehnen, A. M. (2015). A review on effects of conjugated linoleic fatty acid (CLA) upon body composition and energetic metabolism. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0097-4

Collagen Peptides

70. León-López, A., Morales-Peñaloza, A., Martínez-Juárez, V. M., Vargas-Torres, A., Zeugolis, D. I., & Aguirre-Álvarez, G. (2019). Hydrolyzed Collagen-Sources and Applications. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 24(22), 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224031

71.  Kisling, A., Lust, R. M., & Katwa, L. C. (2019). What is the role of peptide fragments of collagen I and IV in health and disease?. Life sciences, 228,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.042

72. Daneault, A., Prawitt, J., Fabien Soulé, V., Coxam, V., & Wittrant, Y. (2017). Biological effect of hydrolyzed collagen on bone metabolism. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(9), 1922–1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1038377

Fish Oil

73. Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2018). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits. Annual review of food science and technology, 9, 345–381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-111317-095850

74. Ghasemi Fard, S., Wang, F., Sinclair, A. J., Elliott, G., & Turchini, G. M. (2019). How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(11), 1684–1727. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1425978

75. Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2018). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits. Annual review of food science and technology, 9, 345–381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-111317-095850

76.VanDusseldorp TA, Escobar KA, Johnson KE, Stratton MT, Moriarty T, Kerksick CM, Mangine GT, Holmes AJ, Lee M, Endito MR, Mermier CM. Impact of Varying Dosages of Fish Oil on Recovery and Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 27;12(8):2246. doi: 10.3390/nu12082246. PMID: 32727162; PMCID: PMC7468920

Vitamin D3

77. Chang, S. W., & Lee, H. C. (2019). Vitamin D and health – The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatrics and neonatology, 60(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007

78. Zhang, Y., Fang, F., Tang, J., Jia, L., Feng, Y., Xu, P., & Faramand, A. (2019). Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 366, l4673. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4673

79. Pilz, S., Frisch, S., Koertke, H., Kuhn, J., Dreier, J., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Wehr, E., & Zittermann, A. (2011). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 43(3), 223–225. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1269854

Vitamin K2:

80. Capozzi, A., Scambia, G., & Lello, S. (2020). Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. Maturitas, 140, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.020

81.  Li, Y., Chen, J. P., Duan, L., & Li, S. (2018). Effect of vitamin K2 on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 136, 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.020

Ashwagandha

82. Langade, D., Kanchi, S., Salve, J., Debnath, K., & Ambegaokar, D. (2019). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Insomnia and Anxiety: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study. Cureus, 11(9), e5797. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5797

83.  Bonilla, D. A., Moreno, Y., Gho, C., Petro, J. L., Odriozola-Martínez, A., & Kreider, R. B. (2021). Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology, 6(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010020

Resveratrol

84. Wahab, A., Gao, K., Jia, C., Zhang, F., Tian, G., Murtaza, G., & Chen, J. (2017). Significance of Resveratrol in Clinical Management of Chronic Diseases. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(8), 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081329

85. Liu, K., Zhou, R., Wang, B., & Mi, M. T. (2014). Effect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 99(6), 1510–1519. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.082024

86. Tomé-Carneiro, J., Gonzálvez, M., Larrosa, M., García-Almagro, F. J., Avilés-Plaza, F., Parra, S., Yáñez-Gascón, M. J., Ruiz-Ros, J. A., García-Conesa, M. T., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., & Espín, J. C. (2012). Consumption of a grape extract supplement containing resveratrol decreases oxidized LDL and ApoB in patients undergoing primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a triple-blind, 6-month follow-up, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Molecular nutrition & food research, 56(5), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201100673

Beetroot

87. Clifford, T., Howatson, G., West, D. J., & Stevenson, E. J. (2015). The potential benefits of red beetroot supplementation in health and disease. Nutrients, 7(4), 2801–2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042801

CoQ10

88. Sarmiento, A., Diaz-Castro, J., Pulido-Moran, M., Kajarabille, N., Guisado, R., & Ochoa, J. J. (2016). Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Exercise in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review. Current drug metabolism, 17(4), 345–358. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200216666151103115654

89. Di Lorenzo, A., Iannuzzo, G., Parlato, A., Cuomo, G., Testa, C., Coppola, M., D’Ambrosio, G., Oliviero, D. A., Sarullo, S., Vitale, G., Nugara, C., Sarullo, F. M., & Giallauria, F. (2020). Clinical Evidence for Q10 Coenzyme Supplementation in Heart Failure: From Energetics to Functional Improvement. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(5), 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051266

Magnesium

90. Boyle, N. B., Lawton, C., & Dye, L. (2017). The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9(5), 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050429

91. Verma, H., & Garg, R. (2017). Effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 30(5), 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12454

Vitamin B-2

92. Thakur, K., Tomar, S. K., Singh, A. K., Mandal, S., & Arora, S. (2017). Riboflavin and health: A review of recent human research. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(17), 3650–3660. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1145104

93. Suwannasom, N., Kao, I., Pruß, A., Georgieva, R., & Bäumler, H. (2020). Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(3), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030950

Vitamin B-1

94. DiNicolantonio, J. J., Niazi, A. K., Lavie, C. J., O’Keefe, J. H., & Ventura, H. O. (2013). Thiamine supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: a review of the literature. Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.), 19(4), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/chf.12037

95. Saedisomeolia, A., & Ashoori, M. (2018).Thiamine in Human Health: A Review of Current Evidences. Advances in food and nutrition research, 83, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.002

Vitamin B-5

96. Ragaller, V., Lebzien, P., Südekum, K. H., Hüther, L., & Flachowsky, G. (2011). Pantothenic acid in ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01004.x

Vitamin C

97. Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211

98. DePhillipo, N. N., Aman, Z. S., Kennedy, M. I., Begley, J. P., Moatshe, G., & LaPrade, R. F. (2018). Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 6(10), 2325967118804544. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118804544

Betaine Anhydrous

99. Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., Gonzalez, A. M., Beller, N. A., & Craig, S. A. (2011). Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 25(8), 2235–2241. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530

100. Harty, P. S., Zabriskie, H. A., Erickson, J. L., Molling, P. E., Kerksick, C. M., & Jagim, A. R. (2018). Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0247-6

Dynamine

101. VanDusseldorp, T. A., Stratton, M. T., Bailly, A. R., Holmes, A. J., Alesi, M. G., Feito, Y., Mangine, G. T., Hester, G. M., Esmat, T. A., Barcala, M., Tuggle, K. R., Snyder, M., & Modjeski, A. S. (2020). Safety of Short-Term Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine® in Young Adults. Nutrients, 12(3), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030654

GABA

102.  Powers M. (2012). GABA supplementation and growth hormone response. Medicine and sport science, 59, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000341944

Probiotics

103.  Park MS, Kwon B, Ku S, et al: The efficacy of bifidobacterium longum BORI and lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 probiotic treatment in infants with rotavirus infection. Nutrients 2017; 9:pii:E887.

104. Hungin AP, Mulligan C, Pot B; European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology, et al: Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice – an evidence-based international guide. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 864–886.

105. Aragón F, Carino S, Perdigón G, et al: Inhibition of growth and metastasis of breast cancer in mice by milk fermented with lactobacillus casei CRL 431. J Immunother 2015; 38: 185–196.

106. So SS, Wan ML, El-Nezami H: Probiotics-mediated suppression of cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 29: 62–72.

107. Velez EM, Maldonado Galdeano C, Carmuega E, et al: Probiotic fermented milk consumption modulates the allergic process induced by ovoalbumin in mice. Br J Nutr 2015; 114: 566–576.

108. Jäger, R., Mohr, A. E., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Moussa, A., Townsend, J. R., Lamprecht, M., West, N. P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D. B., Wells, S. D., Arent, S. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Kreider, R. B., Campbell, B. I., Bannock, L., Scheiman, J., Wissent, C. J., … Antonio, J. (2019). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0329-0

109. Wilkins, T., & Sequoia, J. (2017). Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Summary of the Evidence. American family physician, 96(3), 170–178.

Ginger

110. Hasani, H., Arab, A., Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Ghavami, A., & Miraghajani, M. (2019). Does ginger supplementation lower blood pressure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(6), 1639–1647. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6362

Glucosamine/ Chondroitin

111.  Simental-Mendía, M., Sánchez-García, A., Vilchez-Cavazos, F., Acosta-Olivo, C. A., Peña-Martínez, V. M., & Simental-Mendía, L. E. (2018). Effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Rheumatology international, 38(8), 1413–1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4077-2

Methionine

112. Tripodi, F., Badone, B., Vescovi, M., Milanesi, R., Nonnis, S., Maffioli, E., Bonanomi, M., Gaglio, D., Tedeschi, G., & Coccetti, P. (2020). Methionine Supplementation Affects Metabolism and Reduces Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells, 9(11), 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112491

Quercetin

113.  Aucoin, M., Cooley, K., Saunders, P. R., Cardozo, V., Remy, D., Cramer, H., Neyre Abad, C., & Hannan, N. (2020). The effect of quercetin on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in humans: A rapid review. Advances in integrative medicine, 7(4), 247–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.007

114. Sahebkar A. (2017). Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(4), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.948609

115. Mohammadi-Sartang, M., Mazloom, Z., Sherafatmanesh, S., Ghorbani, M., & Firoozi, D. (2017). Effects of supplementation with quercetin on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical nutrition, 71(9), 1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.55

116. Sahebkar A. (2017). Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(4), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.948609

Curcumin

117. Chilelli, N. C., Ragazzi, E., Valentini, R., Cosma, C., Ferraresso, S., Lapolla, A., & Sartore, G. (2016). Curcumin and Boswellia serrata Modulate the Glyco-Oxidative Status and Lipo-Oxidation in Master Athletes. Nutrients, 8(11), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110745

118. Barzegar, A., & Moosavi-Movahedi, A. A. (2011). Intracellular ROS protection efficiency and free radical-scavenging activity of curcumin. PloS one, 6(10), e26012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026012

119. Banik, U., Parasuraman, S., Adhikary, A. K., & Othman, N. H. (2017). Curcumin: the spicy modulator of breast carcinogenesis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 36(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-017-0566-5

120. Suhett, L. G., de Miranda Monteiro Santos, R., Silveira, B., Leal, A., de Brito, A., de Novaes, J. F., & Lucia, C. (2021). Effects of curcumin supplementation on sport and physical exercise: a systematic review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 61(6), 946–958. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1749025

121. Pivari, F., Mingione, A., Brasacchio, C., & Soldati, L. (2019). Curcumin and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients, 11(8), 1837.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081837

122. Ashtary-Larky, D., Rezaei Kelishadi, M., Bagheri, R., Moosavian, S. P., Wong, A., Davoodi, S. H., Khalili, P., Dutheil, F., Suzuki, K., & Asbaghi, O. (2021). The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(7), 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071015

Turmeric

123. Mata, I., Mata, S., Menezes, R., Faccioli, L. S., Bandeira, K. K., & Bosco, S. (2020). Benefits of turmeric supplementation for skin health in chronic diseases: a systematic review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 1–15. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1798353

Boswellia

124. Majeed, M., Majeed, S., Narayanan, N. K., & Nagabhushanam, K. (2019). A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(5), 1457–1468. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6338

117. Chilelli, N. C., Ragazzi, E., Valentini, R., Cosma, C., Ferraresso, S., Lapolla, A., & Sartore, G. (2016). Curcumin and Boswellia serrata Modulate the Glyco-Oxidative Status and Lipo-Oxidation in Master Athletes. Nutrients, 8(11), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110745

125. Umar, S., Umar, K., Sarwar, A. H., Khan, A., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Katiyar, C. K., Husain, S. A., & Khan, H. A. (2014). Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21(6), 847–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.001

Horny Goat Weed

126. Kuchakulla, M., Narasimman, M., Soni, Y., Leong, J. Y., Patel, P., & Ramasamy, R. (2021). A systematic review and evidence-based analysis of ingredients in popular male testosterone and erectile dysfunction supplements. International journal of impotence research, 33(3), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-0285-x

127. Fang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Icariin, an Anti-atherosclerotic Drug from Chinese Medicinal Herb Horny Goat Weed. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 734. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00734

Munica Puriens

128. Pathania, R., Chawla, P., Khan, H., Kaushik, R., & Khan, M. A. (2020). An assessment of potential nutritive and medicinal properties of Mucuna pruriens: a natural food legume. 3 Biotech, 10(6), 261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02253-x

129. Rakesh B, Praveen N (2020) Chapter-10 biotechnological approaches for the production of l-DOPA: a novel and potent anti-Parkinson’s Drug from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Chief Editor: 179

130. Majekodunmi, S. O., Oyagbemi, A. A., Umukoro, S., & Odeku, O. A. (2011). Evaluation of the anti-diabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens seed extract. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 4(8), 632–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60161-2

Polypodium Vulgrae Powder

131. Batur, S., Ayla, S., Sakul, A. A., Okur, M. E., Karadag, A. E., Daylan, B., Ozdemir, E. M., Kepil, N., & Gunal, M. Y. (2020). An Alternative Approach Wound Healing Field with Polypodium Vulgare. Medeniyet medical journal, 35(4), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.5222/MMJ.2020.89983

Tongkat Ali

132. Rehman, S. U., Choe, K., & Yoo, H. H. (2016). Review on a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): Its Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Evidence-Based Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 21(3), 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030331

Saw Palmetto

133. Evron, E., Juhasz, M., Babadjouni, A., & Mesinkovska, N. A. (2020). Natural Hair Supplement: Friend or Foe? Saw Palmetto, a Systematic Review in Alopecia. Skin appendage disorders, 6(6), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509905

134. Kwon Y. (2019). Use of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) extract for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Food science and biotechnology, 28(6), 1599–1606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00605-9

Muira Puma

135. Ferrini, M. G., Garcia, E., Abraham, A., Artaza, J. N., Nguyen, S., & Rajfer, J. (2018). Effect of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l- citrulline, singly or in combination, on modulation of the inducible nitric oxide- NO-cGMP pathway in rat penile smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 76, 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.010

Panax Ginseng

136. Sellami, M., Slimeni, O., Pokrywka, A., Kuvačić, G., D Hayes, L., Milic, M., & Padulo, J. (2018). Herbal medicine for sports: a review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0218-y

Tribulus Terrestris

137. Sellami, M., Slimeni, O., Pokrywka, A., Kuvačić, G., D Hayes, L., Milic, M., & Padulo, J. (2018). Herbal medicine for sports: a review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0218-y

138. Saudan, C., Baume, N., Emery, C., Strahm, E., & Saugy, M. (2008). Short term impact of Tribulus terrestris intake on doping control analysis of endogenous steroids. Forensic science international, 178(1), e7–e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.01.003

Damiana

139. Palacios, S., Soler, E., Ramírez, M., Lilue, M., Khorsandi, D., & Losa, F. (2019). Effect of a multi-ingredient based food supplement on sexual function in women with low sexual desire. BMC women’s health, 19(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0755-9

Sarsaparilla Root

140. Das, S., & Bisht, S. S. (2013). The bioactive and therapeutic potential of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (Indian Sarsaparilla) root. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 27(6), 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4788

141. She, T., Qu, L., Wang, L., Yang, X., Xu, S., Feng, J., Gao, Y., Zhao, C., Han, Y., Cai, S., & Shou, C. (2015). Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via Redox-Dependent ERK1/2 Pathway. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 8(5), 464–474. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0372

Asparagus

142. Majumdar, S., Gupta, S., Prajapati, S. K., & Krishnamurthy, S. (2021). Neuro-nutraceutical potential of Asparagus racemosus: A review. Neurochemistry international, 145, 105013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105013

Copper

143. Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Maggini, S. (2020). A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients, 12(1), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236

144. Heffernan, S. M., Horner, K., De Vito, G., & Conway, G. E. (2019). The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 11(3), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030696

Selenium

145. Wang, N., Tan, H. Y., Li, S., Xu, Y., Guo, W., & Feng, Y. (2017). Supplementation of Micronutrient Selenium in Metabolic Diseases: Its Role as an Antioxidant. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017, 7478523. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7478523

146. Wichman, J., Winther, K. H., Bonnema, S. J., & Hegedüs, L. (2016). Selenium Supplementation Significantly Reduces Thyroid Autoantibody Levels in Patients with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 26(12), 1681–1692. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0256

147.Benstoem, C., Goetzenich, A., Kraemer, S., Borosch, S., Manzanares, W., Hardy, G., & Stoppe, C. (2015). Selenium and its supplementation in cardiovascular disease–what do we know?. Nutrients, 7(5), 3094–3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7053094

Manganese

148. Tuschl K, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Manganese and the brain. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2013;110:277-312. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-410502-7.00013-2. PMID: 24209443.

149. Heffernan SM, Horner K, De Vito G, Conway GE. The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 24;11(3):696. doi: 10.3390/nu11030696. PMID: 30909645; PMCID: PMC6471179.

Molybdenum

150. Mendel RR. The molybdenum cofactor. J Biol Chem. 2013 May 10;288(19):13165-72. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R113.455311. Epub 2013 Mar 28. PMID: 23539623.

Wild Yam Extract

151. Wu, F. C., & Jiang, J. G. (2019). Effects of diosgenin and its derivatives on atherosclerosis. Food & function, 10(11), 7022–7036. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo00749k

152. Gartoulla, P., & Han, M. M. (2014). Red clover extract for alleviating hot flushes in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Maturitas, 79(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.06.018

153. Mu, H., Bai, Y. H., Wang, S. T., Zhu, Z. M., & Zhang, Y. W. (2009). Research on antioxidant effects and estrogenic effect of formononetin from Trifolium pratense (red clover). Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 16(4), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.07.005

Lutein

154. Li, L. H., Lee, J. C., Leung, H. H., Lam, W. C., Fu, Z., & Lo, A. (2020). Lutein Supplementation for Eye Diseases. Nutrients, 12(6), 1721. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061721

155. Delcourt, C., Carrière, I., Delage, M., Barberger-Gateau, P., Schalch, W., & POLA Study Group (2006). Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids as modifiable risk factors for age-related maculopathy and cataract: the POLA Study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 47(6), 2329–2335. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.05-1235

Cranberry Extract

156. Fu, Z., Liska, D., Talan, D., & Chung, M. (2017). Cranberry Reduces the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of nutrition, 147(12), 2282–2288. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.254961

157. Jepson, R. G., Williams, G., & Craig, J. C. (2012). Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 10(10), CD001321. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5

Alpha Lipoic Acid

158. Salehi, B., Berkay Yılmaz, Y., Antika, G., Boyunegmez Tumer, T., Fawzi Mahomoodally, M., Lobine, D., Akram, M., Riaz, M., Capanoglu, E., Sharopov, F., Martins, N., Cho, W. C., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes. Biomolecules, 9(8), 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9080356

Echinacea

159. Aucoin, M., Cardozo, V., McLaren, M. D., Garber, A., Remy, D., Baker, J., Gratton, A., Kala, M. A., Monteiro, S., Warder, C., Perciballi, A., & Cooley, K. (2021). A systematic review on the effects of Echinacea supplementation on cytokine levels: Is there a role in COVID-19?. Metabolism open, 100115. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2021.100115

160. Rondanelli, M., Miccono, A., Lamburghini, S., Avanzato, I., Riva, A., Allegrini, P., Faliva, M. A., Peroni, G., Nichetti, M., & Perna, S. (2018). Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds-Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2018, 5813095. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5813095

Garlic

161. Varshney, R., & Budoff, M. J. (2016). Garlic and Heart Disease. The Journal of nutrition, 146(2), 416S–421S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202333

162. Fu, E., Tsai, M. C., Chin, Y. T., Tu, H. P., Fu, M. M., Chiang, C. Y., & Chiu, H. C. (2015). The effects of diallyl sulfide upon Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of periodontal research, 50(3), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12217

163. Ried K. (2020). Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 19(2), 1472–1478. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374

164. Darooghegi Mofrad, M., Milajerdi, A., Koohdani, F., Surkan, P. J., & Azadbakht, L. (2019). Garlic Supplementation Reduces Circulating C-reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Interleukin-6 in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The Journal of nutrition, 149(4), 605–618. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy310

Hawthorn Berry

165. Dehghani, S., Mehri, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2019). The effects of Crataegus pinnatifida(Chinese hawthorn) on metabolic syndrome: A review. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 22(5), 460–468. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2019.31964.7678

Cinnamon Bark Extract

166. Hariri, M., & Ghiasvand, R. (2016). Cinnamon and Chronic Diseases. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 929, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_1

Bilberry Extract

167. Bilberry. (2021). In Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US).

168. Chan, S. W., & Tomlinson, B. (2020). Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(7), 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071653

Black Currant

169. Tahvonen, R. L., Schwab, U. S., Linderborg, K. M., Mykkänen, H. M., & Kallio, H. P. (2005). Black currant seed oil and fish oil supplements differ in their effects on fatty acid profiles of plasma lipids, and concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose and insulin. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 16(6), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.004

Pomegranate Extract

170. Vučić, V., Grabež, M., Trchounian, A., & Arsić, A. (2019). Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate: A Review. Current pharmaceutical design, 25(16), 1817–1827. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190708183941

171. Danesi, F., & Ferguson, L. R. (2017). Could Pomegranate Juice Help in the Control of Inflammatory Diseases?. Nutrients, 9(9), 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090958

Zinc

172. Maywald, M., Wessels, I., & Rink, L. (2017). Zinc Signals and Immunity. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(10), 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102222

173. Wessels, I., Rolles, B., & Rink, L. (2020). The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 1712. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712

Pumpkin Seed

174. Vahlensieck, W., Theurer, C., Pfitzer, E., Patz, B., Banik, N., & Engelmann, U. (2015). Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urologia internationalis, 94(3), 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362903

Cayenne Pepper

175. Hsu, Y. J., Huang, W. C., Chiu, C. C., Liu, Y. L., Chiu, W. C., Chiu, C. H., Chiu, Y. S., & Huang, C. C. (2016). Capsaicin Supplementation Reduces Physical Fatigue and Improves Exercise Performance in Mice. Nutrients, 8(10), 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8100648

176. Eichner E. R. (2016). Fighting Muscle Cramps With Two Spices and One Hot Fruit. Current sports medicine reports, 15(5), 304–305. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000298

Licorice Root

177. Kwon, Y. J., Son, D. H., Chung, T. H., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). A Review of the Pharmacological Efficacy and Safety of Licorice Root from Corroborative Clinical Trial Findings. Journal of medicinal food, 23(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2019.4459

Oyster Extract

178. Lee, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Han, J. S. (2013). Anti-inflammatory Effect of Oyster Shell Extract in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells. Preventive nutrition and food science, 18(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2013.18.1.023

179. Jeong, J. W., Choi, S. H., Han, M. H., Kim, G. Y., Park, C., Hong, S. H., Lee, B. J., Park, E. K., Kim, S. O., Leem, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Choi, Y. H. (2019). Protective Effects of Fermented Oyster Extract against RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis through Scavenging ROS Generation in RAW 264.7 Cells. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(6), 1439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061439

Boron

180. Khaliq, H., Juming, Z., & Ke-Mei, P. (2018). The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Biological trace element research, 186(1), 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1284-3

Nettle

181. Ziaei R, Foshati S, Hadi A, Kermani MAH, Ghavami A, Clark CCT, Tarrahi MJ. The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2020 Feb;34(2):282-294. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6535. Epub 2019 Dec 4. PMID: 31802554.

Vitamin A (Beta carotene)

182. Eggersdorfer, M., & Wyss, A. (2018). Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 652, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.001

183. Sunkara, A., & Raizner, A. (2019). Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal, 15(3), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-15-3-179

184. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group (2001). A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 119(10), 1417–1436. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.119.10.1417

Oat Straw

185. Singh, R., De, S., & Belkheir, A. (2013). Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 53(2), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.526725

Graviola

186. Rady, I., Bloch, M. B., Chamcheu, R. N., Banang Mbeumi, S., Anwar, M. R., Mohamed, H., Babatunde, A. S., Kuiate, J. R., Noubissi, F. K., El Sayed, K. A., Whitfield, G. K., & Chamcheu, J. C. (2018). Anticancer Properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018, 1826170. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1826170

187. de Sousa, O. V., Vieira, G. D., de Jesus R G de Pinho, J., Yamamoto, C. H., & Alves, M. S. (2010). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models. International journal of molecular sciences, 11(5), 2067–2078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11052067

Cat’s Claw

188. Yepes-Pérez, A. F., Herrera-Calderon, O., & Quintero-Saumeth, J. (2020). Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw): a promising herbal medicine against SARS-CoV-2/ACE-2 junction and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on molecular modeling. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, 1–17. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1837676

189. Snow AD, Castillo GM, Nguyen BP, Choi PY, Cummings JA, Cam J, Hu Q, Lake T, Pan W, Kastin AJ, Kirschner DA, Wood SG, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Lorimer S, Tanzi RE, Larsen L. The Amazon rain forest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 6;9(1):561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38645-0. PMID: 30728442; PMCID: PMC6365538.

Broccoli Extract

190. Mahn A, Reyes A. An overview of health-promoting compounds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and the effect of processing. Food Sci Technol Int. 2012 Dec;18(6):503-14. doi: 10.1177/1082013211433073. PMID: 23175779.

Lycopene/Tomato Powder

191. Chen, P., Zhang, W., Wang, X., Zhao, K., Negi, D. S., Zhuo, L., Qi, M., Wang, X., & Zhang, X. (2015). Lycopene and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine, 94(33), e1260. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000001260

192. Beynon, R. A., Richmond, R. C., Santos Ferreira, D. L., Ness, A. R., May, M., Smith, G. D., Vincent, E. E., Adams, C., Ala-Korpela, M., Würtz, P., Soidinsalo, S., Metcalfe, C., Donovan, J. L., Lane, A. J., Martin, R. M., ProtecT Study Group, & PRACTICAL consortium (2019). Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial. International journal of cancer, 144(8), 1918–1928. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31929

193. Shanbhag V. K. (2016). Lycopene in cancer therapy. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 8(2), 170–171. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.171740

Maitake, Shitake, Reishi

194. Hetland G, Tangen JM, Mahmood F, Mirlashari MR, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Nentwich I, Therkelsen SP, Tjønnfjord GE, Johnson E. Antitumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifolafrondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Nutrients. 2020 May 8;12(5):1339. doi: 10.3390/nu12051339. PMID: 32397163; PMCID: PMC7285126.

195. Mallard B, Leach DN, Wohlmuth H, Tiralongo J. Synergistic immuno-modulatory activity in human macrophages of a medicinal mushroom formulation consisting of Reishi, Shiitake and Maitake. PLoS One. 2019 Nov 7;14(11):e0224740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224740. PMID: 31697749; PMCID: PMC6837746.

Uvi Ursi

196.  Afshar K, Fleischmann N, Schmiemann G, Bleidorn J, Hummers-Pradier E, Friede T, Wegscheider K, Moore M, Gágyor I. Reducing antibiotic use for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice by treatment with uva-ursi (REGATTA) – a double-blind, randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jul 3;18(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2266-x. PMID: 29970072; PMCID: PMC6029138.

L-Alanine

197. Dandare SU, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Shinkafi TS, Magaji UF, Adio AA, Ahmad K. L-alanine supplementation improves blood glucose level and biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem. 2021 Jan;45(1):e13590. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13590. Epub 2020 Dec 21. PMID: 33346923.

L-Glycine

198. Sekhar, R. V., Patel, S. G., Guthikonda, A. P., Reid, M., Balasubramanyam, A., Taffet, G. E., & Jahoor, F. (2011). Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94(3), 847–853. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.003483

199. Razak, M. A., Begum, P. S., Viswanath, B., & Rajagopal, S. (2017). Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017, 1716701. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1716701

Marshmallow Root

200. Bonaterra GA, Bronischewski K, Hunold P, Schwarzbach H, Heinrich EU, Fink C, Aziz-Kalbhenn H, Müller J, Kinscherf R. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Phytohustil® and Root Extract of Althaea officinalis L. on Macrophages in vitro. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Mar 17;11:290. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00290. PMID: 32256361; PMCID: PMC7090173.

Goldenseal Root

201. Goldenseal. (2021). In Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US).

202. Mandal, S. K., Maji, A. K., Mishra, S. K., Ishfaq, P. M., Devkota, H. P., Silva, A. S., & Das, N. (2020). Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and its active constituents: A critical review of their efficacy and toxicological issues. Pharmacological research, 160, 105085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105085

Parsley Extract

203. Mara de Menezes Epifanio, N., Rykiel Iglesias Cavalcanti, L., Falcão Dos Santos, K., Soares Coutinho Duarte, P., Kachlicki, P., Ożarowski, M., Jorge Riger, C., & Siqueira de Almeida Chaves, D. (2020). Chemical characterization and in vivo antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) aqueous extract. Food & function, 11(6), 5346–5356. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00484g

Vitamin E

204. Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Ibrahim, N., Jessop, Z. M., Tarassoli, S. P., Dobbs, T. D., Holford, P., Thornton, C. A., & Whitaker, I. S. (2020). Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19?. Nutrients, 12(9), 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092550

205. Traber, M. G., & Atkinson, J. (2007). Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free radical biology & medicine, 43(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.024

206. Wu, D., & Meydani, S. N. (2014). Age-associated changes in immune function: impact of vitamin E intervention and the underlying mechanisms. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 14(4), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530314666140922143950

207. De la Fuente, M., Hernanz, A., Guayerbas, N., Victor, V. M., & Arnalich, F. (2008). Vitamin E ingestion improves several immune functions in elderly men and women. Free radical research, 42(3), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760801898838

208. Browne, D., McGuinness, B., Woodside, J. V., & McKay, G. J. (2019). Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease: what do we know so far?. Clinical interventions in aging, 14, 1303–1317. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S186760

Chrysin

209.  Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Bafandeh F. The Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Chrysin: A Narrative Review on Experimental Researches. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2019;17(1):17-27. doi: 10.2174/1871525717666190114145137. PMID: 30648526; PMCID: PMC6865076.

210. Gambelunghe C, Rossi R, Sommavilla M, Ferranti C, Rossi R, Ciculi C, Gizzi S, Micheletti A, Rufini S. Effects of chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):387-90. doi: 10.1089/109662003772519967. PMID: 14977449.

Cissus Quadrangularis

211. Nash R, Azantsa B, Kuate D, Singh H, Oben J. The Use of a Stem and Leaf Aqueous Extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) to Reduce Body Fat and Other Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Participants. J Altern Complement Med. 2019 Jan;25(1):98-106. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0016. Epub 2018 Nov 12. PMID: 29912570; PMCID: PMC6352552.

212. Bloomer RJ, Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Lee SR. Cissus quadrangularis reduces joint pain in exercise-trained men: a pilot study. Phys Sportsmed. 2013 Sep;41(3):29-35. doi: 10.3810/psm.2013.09.2021. PMID: 24113700.

Biotin

213. Mock DM. Biotin: From Nutrition to Therapeutics. J Nutr. 2017 Aug;147(8):1487-1492. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.238956. Epub 2017 Jul 12. PMID: 28701385; PMCID: PMC5525106.

214. Patel DP, Swink SM, Castelo-Soccio L. A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017 Aug;3(3):166-169. doi: 10.1159/000462981. Epub 2017 Apr 27. PMID: 28879195; PMCID: PMC5582478.

Iron

215. Cappellini, M. D., Musallam, K. M., & Taher, A. T. (2020). Iron deficiency anaemia revisited. Journal of internal medicine, 287(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13004

216. Paganini, D., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2017). The effects of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and diarrhea in infants and children: a review. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 106(Suppl 6), 1688S–1693S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.156067

217. Andrews, S. C., Robinson, A. K., & Rodríguez-Quiñones, F. (2003). Bacterial iron homeostasis. FEMS microbiology reviews, 27(2-3), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00055-X

Chromium

218. Maret W. (2019). Chromium Supplementation in Human Health, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes. Metal ions in life sciences, 19, /books/9783110527872/9783110527872-015/9783110527872-015.xml. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110527872-015

219. Suksomboon, N., Poolsup, N., & Yuwanakorn, A. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 39(3), 292–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12147

Glutamic Acid

220. Bojesen, K. B., Broberg, B. V., Fagerlund, B., Jessen, K., Thomas, M. B., Sigvard, A., Tangmose, K., Nielsen, M. Ø., Andersen, G. S., Larsson, H., Edden, R., Rostrup, E., & Glenthøj, B. Y. (2021). Associations Between Cognitive Function and Levels of Glutamatergic Metabolites and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Biological psychiatry, 89(3), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.027

Inositol

221. Tabrizi R, Ostadmohammadi V, Lankarani KB, Peymani P, Akbari M, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. The effects of inositol supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2018 May 24;17(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0779-4. PMID: 29793496; PMCID: PMC5968598

222. Formoso G, Baldassarre MPA, Ginestra F, Carlucci MA, Bucci I, Consoli A. Inositol and antioxidant supplementation: Safety and efficacy in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Jul;35(5):e3154. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3154. Epub 2019 Apr 10. PMID: 30889626; PMCID: PMC6617769.

Bilberry Extract

223. Chan, S. W., & Tomlinson, B. (2020). Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(7), 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071653

224.Chan, S. W., & Tomlinson, B. (2020). Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(7), 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071653

Olive Leaf Extract

224. Ismail MA, Norhayati MN, Mohamad N. Olive leaf extract effect on cardiometabolic profile among adults with prehypertension and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2021 Apr 7;9:e11173. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11173. PMID: 33868820; PMCID: PMC8035902.

225. Boss A, Bishop KS, Marlow G, Barnett MP, Ferguson LR. Evidence to Support the Anti-Cancer Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Future Directions. Nutrients. 2016 Aug 19;8(8):513. doi: 10.3390/nu8080513. PMID: 27548217; PMCID: PMC4997426.

226. de Bock M, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Morgan PE, Hodgkinson SC, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in middle-aged overweight men: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057622. Epub 2013 Mar 13. PMID: 23516412; PMCID: PMC3596374.

Vanadyl Sulfate

227. Missaoui S, Ben Rhouma K, Yacoubi MT, Sakly M, Tebourbi O. Vanadyl sulfate treatment stimulates proliferation and regeneration of beta cells in pancreatic islets. J Diabetes Res. 2014;2014:540242. doi: 10.1155/2014/540242. Epub 2014 Aug 19. PMID: 25215302; PMCID: PMC4156977.

Phosphatidylserine

228. Hirayama, S., Terasawa, K., Rabeler, R., Hirayama, T., Inoue, T., Tatsumi, Y., Purpura, M., & Jäger, R. (2014). The effect of phosphatidylserine administration on memory and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 27 Suppl 2, 284–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12090

229. Kim, H. Y., Huang, B. X., & Spector, A. A. (2014). Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function. Progress in lipid research, 56, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2014.06.002

Huperzine A

230. Yang G, Wang Y, Tian J, Liu JP. Huperzine A for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 23;8(9):e74916. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074916. PMID: 24086396; PMCID: PMC3781107.

Elderberry

231. Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Cheung, L., Goldberg, H., Hammerness, P., Isaac, R., Khalsa, K. P., Romm, A., Rychlik, I., Varghese, M., Weissner, W., Windsor, R. C., & Wortley, J. (2014). An evidence-based systematic review of elderberry and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Journal of dietary supplements, 11(1), 80–120. https://doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2013.859852

232. Hawkins, J., Baker, C., Cherry, L., & Dunne, E. (2019). Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 361–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004

233.Tiralongo, E., Wee, S. S., & Lea, R. A. (2016). Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 8(4), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8040182

234.Krawitz, C., Mraheil, M. A., Stein, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Domann, E., Pleschka, S., & Hain, T. (2011). Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 11, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-16

Bitter Melon

235. Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med. 2016 Feb;14(2):81-100. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(16)60002-X. PMID: 26968675; PMCID: PMC5276711.

236. Zhu Y, Dong Y, Qian X, Cui F, Guo Q, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiong Z. Effect of superfine grinding on antidiabetic activity of bitter melon powder. Int J Mol Sci. 2012 Nov 2;13(11):14203-18. doi: 10.3390/ijms131114203. PMID: 23203059; PMCID: PMC3509575.

Banaba Leaf

237. Kim HJ, Yoon KH, Kang MJ, Yim HW, Lee KS, Vuksan V, Sung MK. A six-month supplementation of mulberry, korean red ginseng, and banaba decreases biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:735191. doi: 10.1155/2012/735191. Epub 2012 Feb 28. PMID: 22474520; PMCID: PMC3303547.

238. Signorini L, Ballini A, Arrigoni R, De Leonardis F, Saini R, Cantore S, De Vito D, Coscia MF, Dipalma G, Santacroce L, Inchingolo F. Evaluation of a nutraceutical product with probiotics, vitamin d, plus banaba leaf extracts (Lagerstroemia speciosa) in glycemic control. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020 Nov 8. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666201109115415. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33167849.

Yarrow Flowers

239. Kowalczyk, A., Bodalska, A., Miranowicz, M., & Karłowicz-Bodalska, K. (2017). Insights into novel anticancer applications for apigenin. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 26(7), 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/41978

Juniper Berry

240. Elboughdiri, N., Ghernaout, D., Kriaa, K., & Jamoussi, B. (2020). Enhancing the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Juniper Berries Using the Box-Behnken Design. ACS omega, 5(43), 27990–28000. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03396

White Mulberry

241. Thaipitakwong, T., Numhom, S., & Aramwit, P. (2018). Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: a review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy. Pharmaceutical biology, 56(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210

L-Taurine

242. Waldron, M., Patterson, S. D., Tallent, J., & Jeffries, O. (2018). The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(5), 1247–1253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2

243.Ahmadian, M., Roshan, V. D., Aslani, E., & Stannard, S. R. (2017). Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure. Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease, 11(7), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944717711138

Valerian Root

244. Bent S, Padula A, Moore D, Patterson M, Mehling W. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1005-12. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.026. PMID: 17145239; PMCID: PMC4394901.

245. Shinjyo N, Waddell G, Green J. Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Integr Med. 2020 Jan-Dec;25:2515690X20967323. doi: 10.1177/2515690X20967323. PMID: 33086877; PMCID: PMC7585905.

Hops

246. Kyrou I, Christou A, Panagiotakos D, Stefanaki C, Skenderi K, Katsana K, Tsigos C. Effects of a hops (Humulus lupulus L.) dry extract supplement on self-reported depression, anxiety and stress levels in apparently healthy young adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot study. Hormones (Athens). 2017 Apr;16(2):171-180. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1738. PMID: 28742505.

247. Hamm AK, Manter DK, Kirkwood JS, Wolfe LM, Cox-York K, Weir TL. The Effect of Hops (Humulus lupulusL.) Extract Supplementation on Weight Gain, Adiposity and Intestinal Function in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 7;11(12):3004. doi: 10.3390/nu11123004. PMID: 31817899; PMCID: PMC6950254.

Passion Flower

248. Janda K, Wojtkowska K, Jakubczyk K, Antoniewicz J, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Passiflora incarnata in Neuropsychiatric Disorders-A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2020 Dec 19;12(12):3894. doi: 10.3390/nu12123894. PMID: 33352740; PMCID: PMC7766837.

St. John’s Wort

249. Ng QX, Venkatanarayanan N, Ho CY. Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) in depression: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017 Mar 1;210:211-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.048. Epub 2017 Jan 3. PMID: 28064110.

250. Apaydin, E. A., Maher, A. R., Shanman, R., Booth, M. S., Miles, J. N., Sorbero, M. E., & Hempel, S. (2016). A systematic review of St. John’s wort for major depressive disorder. Systematic reviews, 5(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0325-2

Chamomile

251. Chang SM, Chen CH. Effects of an intervention with drinking chamomile tea on sleep quality and depression in sleep disturbed postnatal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs. 2016 Feb;72(2):306-15. doi: 10.1111/jan.12836. Epub 2015 Oct 20. PMID: 26483209.

252. McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res. 2006 Jul;20(7):519-30. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1900. PMID: 16628544.

253. Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377. PMID: 21132119; PMCID: PMC2995283.

Lemon Balm

254. Miraj S, Rafieian-Kopaei, Kiani S. Melissa officinalis L: A Review Study With an Antioxidant Prospective. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jul;22(3):385-394. doi: 10.1177/2156587216663433. Epub 2016 Sep 11. PMID: 27620926; PMCID: PMC5871149.

255. Taavoni S, Nazem Ekbatani N, Haghani H. Valerian/lemon balm use for sleep disorders during menopause. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013 Nov;19(4):193-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Sep 10. PMID: 24199972.

Melatonin

256. Xie, Z., Chen, F., Li, W. A., Geng, X., Li, C., Meng, X., Feng, Y., Liu, W., & Yu, F. (2017). A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Neurological research, 39(6), 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2017.1315864

257. Vural, E. M., van Munster, B. C., & de Rooij, S. E. (2014). Optimal dosages for melatonin supplementation therapy in older adults: a systematic review of current literature. Drugs & aging, 31(6), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0178-0

258. Zarezadeh, M., Khorshidi, M., Emami, M., Janmohammadi, P., Kord-Varkaneh, H., Mousavi, S. M., Mohammed, S. H., Saedisomeolia, A., & Alizadeh, S. (2020). Melatonin supplementation and pro-inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. European journal of nutrition, 59(5), 1803–1813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02123-0

L-Tryptophan

259. Kikuchi, A. M., Tanabe, A., & Iwahori, Y. (2021). A systematic review of the effect of L-tryptophan supplementation on mood and emotional functioning. Journal of dietary supplements, 18(3), 316–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1746725

260. Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010056

5 HTP

261. Turner, E. H., Loftis, J. M., & Blackwell, A. D. (2006). Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 109(3), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.004

Goji Berry

261. Ma, Z. F., Zhang, H., Teh, S. S., Wang, C. W., Zhang, Y., Hayford, F., Wang, L., Ma, T., Dong, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2019). Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2019, 2437397. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2437397

262. Xing, X., Liu, F., Xiao, J., & So, K. F. (2016). Neuro-protective Mechanisms of Lycium barbarum. Neuromolecular medicine, 18(3), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-016-8393-y

Potassium

262. Filippini, T., Violi, F., D’Amico, R., & Vinceti, M. (2017). The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of cardiology, 230, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.048

Magnolia

263. Xue L, Zhang J, Shen H, Ai L, Wu R. A randomized controlled pilot study of the effectiveness of magnolia tea on alleviating depression in postnatal women. Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Feb 10;8(3):1554-1561. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1442. PMID: 32180964; PMCID: PMC7063344.

264. Ge L, Zhang W, Zhou G, Ma B, Mo Q, Chen Y, Wang Y. Nine phenylethanoid glycosides from Magnolia officinalis var. biloba fruits and their protective effects against free radical-induced oxidative damage. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 28;7:45342. doi: 10.1038/srep45342. PMID: 28349971; PMCID: PMC5368604.

Chlorella

265. Bito, T., Okumura, E., Fujishima, M., & Watanabe, F. (2020). Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Nutrients, 12(9), 2524. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092524

266. Panahi, Y., Badeli, R., Karami, G. R., Badeli, Z., & Sahebkar, A. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of 6-week Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder. Complementary therapies in medicine, 23(4), 598–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.06.010

Psyllium Husk

269. Jalanka, J., Major, G., Murray, K., Singh, G., Nowak, A., Kurtz, C., Silos-Santiago, I., Johnston, J. M., de Vos, W. M., & Spiller, R. (2019). The Effect of Psyllium Husk on Intestinal Microbiota in Constipated Patients and Healthy Controls. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(2), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020433

Inulin

268. Fan, C. H., Cao, J. H., & Zhang, F. C. (2016). The prebiotic inulin as a functional food – a review. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 20(15), 3262–3265.

269. Ahmed, W., & Rashid, S. (2019). Functional and therapeutic potential of inulin: A comprehensive review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1355775

Aloe Vera

270. Devaraj, S., Yimam, M., Brownell, L. A., Jialal, I., Singh, S., & Jia, Q. (2013). Effects of Aloe vera supplementation in subjects with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 11(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2012.0066

271. Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Liu, D., Zhao, T., & Tian, H. (2016). Efficacy of Aloe Vera Supplementation on Prediabetes and Early Non-Treated Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 8(7), 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070388

Hyssop Herb Powder

272. Hyssop. (2018). In LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Acai Berry

273. Alessandra-Perini, J., Rodrigues-Baptista, K. C., Machado, D. E., Nasciutti, L. E., & Perini, J. A. (2018). Anticancer potential, molecular mechanisms and toxicity of Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí): A systematic review. PloS one, 13(7), e0200101. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200101

274. Yamaguchi, K. K., Pereira, L. F., Lamarão, C. V., Lima, E. S., & da Veiga-Junior, V. F. (2015). Amazon acai: chemistry and biological activities: a review. Food chemistry, 179, 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.055

275. de Moura, R. S., & Resende, Â. C. (2016). Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Açaí, an Amazon Plant. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 68(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000347

Slippery Elm Bark

276. Kim, T. M., Shin, S. K., Kim, T. W., Youm, S. Y., Kim, D. J., & Ahn, B. (2012). Elm tree bark extract inhibits HepG2 hepatic cancer cell growth via pro-apoptotic activity. Journal of veterinary science, 13(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.7

Rhubarb Root

277. He, Z. H., He, M. F., Ma, S. C., & But, P. P. (2009). Anti-angiogenic effects of rhubarb and its anthraquinone derivatives. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 121(2), 313–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.008

278. Lu, L., Li, H. Q., Fu, D. L., Zheng, G. Q., & Fan, J. P. (2014). Rhubarb root and rhizome-based Chinese herbal prescriptions for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary therapies in medicine, 22(6), 1060–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2014.10.002

Gentian Root

279. Seiwerth, J., Tasiopoulou, G., Hoffmann, J., Wölfle, U., Schwabe, K., Quirin, K. W., & Schempp, C. M. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Novel Topical Herbal Composition (VEL-091604) Consisting of Gentian Root, Licorice Root and Willow Bark Extract. Planta medica, 85(7), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0835-6806

Buckthorn Bark

280. Buckthorn. (2021). In Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US).

Lion’s mane

281. He, X., Wang, X., Fang, J., Chang, Y., Ning, N., Guo, H., Huang, L., Huang, X., & Zhao, Z. (2017). Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom: A review. International journal of biological macromolecules, 97, 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040

282. Lai, P. L., Naidu, M., Sabaratnam, V., Wong, K. H., David, R. P., Kuppusamy, U. R., Abdullah, N., & Malek, S. N. (2013). Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 15(6), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i6.30

Turkey Tail

283. Habtemariam S. (2020). Trametes versicolor (Synn. Coriolus versicolor) Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: Targets and Efficacy. Biomedicines, 8(5), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050135

Cordyceps Sinensis

284. Das, G., Shin, H. S., Leyva-Gómez, G., Prado-Audelo, M., Cortes, H., Singh, Y. D., Panda, M. K., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Saklani, S., Chaturi, P. K., Martorell, M., Cruz-Martins, N., Sharma, V., Garg, N., Sharma, R., & Patra, J. K. (2021). Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 602364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602364

Chaga Mushroom

285. Shahzad, F., Anderson, D., & Najafzadeh, M. (2020). The Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Medicinal Herbs and Mushrooms and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients, 12(9), 2573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092573

White Button Mushroom

286. Subbiah, K. A., & Balan, V. (2015). A Comprehensive Review of Tropical Milky White Mushroom (Calocybe indica P&C). Mycobiology, 43(3), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.184

Forskolin

287. Stohs SJ, Badmaev V. A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non-stimulant Thermogenic Agents. Phytother Res. 2016 May;30(5):732-40. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5583. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PMID: 26856274; PMCID: PMC5067548

Krill Oil

288. Ursoniu, S., Sahebkar, A., Serban, M. C., Antal, D., Mikhailidis, D. P., Cicero, A., Athyros, V., Rizzo, M., Rysz, J., Banach, M., & Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group (2017). Lipid-modifying effects of krill oil in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition reviews, 75(5), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw063

289. Da Boit, M., Mastalurova, I., Brazaite, G., McGovern, N., Thompson, K., & Gray, S. R. (2015). The Effect of Krill Oil Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Markers of Immune Function. PloS one, 10(9), e0139174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139174

MCT Oil

290. Augustin, K., Khabbush, A., Williams, S., Eaton, S., Orford, M., Cross, J. H., Heales, S., Walker, M. C., & Williams, R. (2018). Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders. The Lancet. Neurology, 17(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30408-8

291. Chatterjee, P., Fernando, M., Fernando, B., Dias, C. B., Shah, T., Silva, R., Williams, S., Pedrini, S., Hillebrandt, H., Goozee, K., Barin, E., Sohrabi, H. R., Garg, M., Cunnane, S., & Martins, R. N. (2020). Potential of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 186, 111209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111209

292. Mumme, K., & Stonehouse, W. (2015). Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and body composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(2), 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.10.022

293. Liu, Y. M., & Wang, H. S. (2013). Medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, an effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy and a comparison with other ketogenic diets. Biomedical journal, 36(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.4103/2319-4170.107154

D-Mannose

294. Kyriakides, R., Jones, P., & Somani, B. K. (2020). Role of D-Mannose in the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence from a Systematic Review of the Literature. European urology focus, S2405-4569(20)30263-7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.09.004

295. Kranjčec B, Papeš D, Altarac S. D-mannose powder for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a randomized clinical trial. World J Urol. 2014 Feb;32(1):79-84. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1091-6. Epub 2013 Apr 30. PMID: 23633128.

BHB Keto Salts

296. Kackley, M. L., Short, J. A., Hyde, P. N., LaFountain, R. A., Buga, A., Miller, V. J., Dickerson, R. M., Sapper, T. N., Barnhart, E. C., Krishnan, D., McElroy, C. A., Maresh, C. M., Kraemer, W. J., & Volek, J. S. (2020). A Pre-Workout Supplement of Ketone Salts, Caffeine, and Amino Acids Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Keto-Naïve and Keto-Adapted Individuals. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1752846

Hibiscus Root Extract

297. Serban C, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Andrica F, Banach M. Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2015 Jun;33(6):1119-27. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000585. PMID: 25875025.

298. Hopkins AL, Lamm MG, Funk JL, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia. 2013 Mar;85:84-94. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003. Epub 2013 Jan 17. PMID: 23333908; PMCID: PMC3593772.

Dandelion Root Extract

299. González-Castejón M, Visioli F, Rodriguez-Casado A. Diverse biological activities of dandelion. Nutr Rev. 2012 Sep;70(9):534-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00509.x. Epub 2012 Aug 17. PMID: 22946853.

Digestive Enzymes

300. Roxas M. (2008). The role of enzyme supplementation in digestive disorders. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 13(4), 307–314.

Spirulina

301. Yousefi, R., Saidpour, A., & Mottaghi, A. (2019). The effects of Spirulina supplementation on metabolic syndrome components, its liver manifestation and related inflammatory markers: A systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.013

302. Moradi, S., Ziaei, R., Foshati, S., Mohammadi, H., Nachvak, S. M., & Rouhani, M. H. (2019). Effects of Spirulina supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complementary therapies in medicine, 47, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102211

Oat Fiber

303. Aleixandre, A., & Miguel, M. (2016). Dietary fiber and blood pressure control. Food & function, 7(4), 1864–1871. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00950b

Wheat Grass

304. Shyam, R., Singh, S. N., Vats, P., Singh, V. K., Bajaj, R., Singh, S. B., & Banerjee, P. K. (2007). Wheat grass supplementation decreases oxidative stress in healthy subjects: a comparative study with spirulina. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 13(8), 789–791. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.7137

305. Avisar, A., Cohen, M., Katz, R., Shentzer Kutiel, T., Aharon, A., & Bar-Sela, G. (2020). Wheatgrass Juice Administration and Immune Measures during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 13(6), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13060129

306. Lee S.N., Park H., Lee K.E. Cytotoxic activities of fermented wheat germ extract on human gastric carcinoma cells by induction of apoptosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005;23:4254. doi: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4254.

Blueberry Extract

307. Zhu, Y., Sun, J., Lu, W., Wang, X., Wang, X., Han, Z., & Qiu, C. (2017). Effects of blueberry supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of human hypertension, 31(3), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2016.70

308. Travica, N., D’Cunha, N. M., Naumovski, N., Kent, K., Mellor, D. D., Firth, J., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Dean, O. M., Loughman, A., Jacka, F., & Marx, W. (2020). The effect of blueberry interventions on cognitive performance and mood: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 85, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.001

309. Rocha, D., Caldas, A., da Silva, B. P., Hermsdorff, H., & Alfenas, R. (2019). Effects of blueberry and cranberry consumption on type 2 diabetes glycemic control: A systematic review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(11), 1816–1828. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1430019

310. Tran, P., & Tran, T. (2021). Blueberry Supplementation in Neuronal Health and Protective Technologies for Efficient Delivery of Blueberry Anthocyanins. Biomolecules, 11(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010102

L-Threonine

311. Gaifem, J., Gonçalves, L. G., Dinis-Oliveira, R. J., Cunha, C., Carvalho, A., Torrado, E., Rodrigues, F., Saraiva, M., Castro, A. G., & Silvestre, R. (2018). L-Threonine Supplementation During Colitis Onset Delays Disease Recovery. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01247

Theobromine

312. Islam, R., Matsuzaki, K., Sumiyoshi, E., Hossain, M. E., Hashimoto, M., Katakura, M., Sugimoto, N., & Shido, O. (2019). Theobromine Improves Working Memory by Activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Nutrients, 11(4), 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040888

L-Lysine

313. Smriga, M., Ando, T., Akutsu, M., Furukawa, Y., Miwa, K., & Morinaga, Y. (2007). Oral treatment with L-lysine and L-arginine reduces anxiety and basal cortisol levels in healthy humans. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan), 28(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.28.85

L-Histidine

314. Petrova, B., & Kanarek, N. (2020). Potential Benefits and Pitfalls of Histidine Supplementation for Cancer Therapy Enhancement. The Journal of nutrition, 150(Suppl 1), 2580S–2587S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa132

Carrot Powder

315. Lee, H. J., Park, Y. K., & Kang, M. H. (2011). The effect of carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma lipid profiles in Korean smoker. Nutrition research and practice, 5(6), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2011.5.6.540

Cherry Powder

316. Vitale, K. C., Hueglin, S., & Broad, E. (2017). Tart Cherry Juice in Athletes: A Literature Review and Commentary. Current sports medicine reports, 16(4), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000385

317. Hill, J. A., Keane, K. M., Quinlan, R., & Howatson, G. (2021). Tart Cherry Supplementation and Recovery From Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 31(2), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0145

Acerola Cherry (Vitamin C)

318. Leffa, D. D., da Silva, J., Daumann, F., Dajori, A. L., Longaretti, L. M., Damiani, A. P., de Lira, F., Campos, F., Ferraz, A., Côrrea, D. S., & de Andrade, V. M. (2014). Corrective effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice intake on biochemical and genotoxical parameters in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Mutation research, 770, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.11.005

Apple Powder

319. Soleti, R., Trenteseaux, C., Fizanne, L., Coué, M., Hilairet, G., Kasbi-Chadli, F., Mallegol, P., Chaigneau, J., Boursier, J., Krempf, M., Orsel, M., Ouguerram, K., & Andriantsitohaina, R. (2020). Apple Supplementation Improves Hemodynamic Parameter and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Biomedicines, 8(11), 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110495

Mango

320. Evans, S. F., Meister, M., Mahmood, M., Eldoumi, H., Peterson, S., Perkins-Veazie, P., Clarke, S. L., Payton, M., Smith, B. J., & Lucas, E. A. (2014). Mango supplementation improves blood glucose in obese individuals. Nutrition and metabolic insights, 7, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.4137/NMI.S17028

321. Martin-Rincon, M., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Selles, A., Martinez-Canton, M., Lopez-Rios, L., Wiebe, J. C., Martin-Rodriguez, S., Arteaga-Ortiz, R., Dorado, C., Perez-Regalado, S., Santana, A., Morales-Alamo, D., & Calbet, J. (2020). Supplementation with a Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite®) in Combination with Quercetin Attenuates Muscle Damage and Pain and Accelerates Recovery after Strenuous Damaging Exercise. Nutrients, 12(3), 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030614

Pineapple

322. Roxas M. (2008). The role of enzyme supplementation in digestive disorders. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 13(4), 307–314.

Flaxseed

323. Parikh, M., Netticadan, T., & Pierce, G. N. (2018). Flaxseed: its bioactive components and their cardiovascular benefits. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 314(2), H146–H159. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2017

Water Melon

324. Figueroa, A., Wong, A., Jaime, S. J., & Gonzales, J. U. (2017). Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 20(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340

Peach Powder

335. Gasparotto, J., Somensi, N., Bortolin, R. C., Girardi, C. S., Kunzler, A., Rabelo, T. K., Schnorr, C. E., Moresco, K. S., Bassani, V. L., Yatsu, F. K., Vizzotto, M., Raseira, M., Zanotto-Filho, A., Moreira, J. C., & Gelain, D. P. (2014). Preventive supplementation with fresh and preserved peach attenuates CCl4-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue damage. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 25(12), 1282–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.004

Spinach

336. Bohlooli, S., Barmaki, S., Khoshkhahesh, F., & Nakhostin-Roohi, B. (2015). The effect of spinach supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 55(6), 609–614.

Kale

337. Lee, H. J., Han, J. H., Park, Y. K., & Kang, M. H. (2018). Effects of glutathione s-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 polymorphisms on antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress-related parameters in Korean subclinical hypertensive subjects after kale juice (Brassica oleracea acephala) supplementation. Nutrition research and practice, 12(2), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.118

Pectin

338. Sanders, M. E., Merenstein, D. J., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., & Rastall, R. A. (2019). Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 16(10), 605–616. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3

D -Mannose

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Ginkgo Biloba

341. Yang, G., Wang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, K., & Liu, J. (2016). Ginkgo Biloba for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 16(5), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150813143520

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343. Eisvand, F., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). The effects of Ginkgo biloba on metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 34(8), 1798–1811. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6646

Milk Thistle

345. Eisvand, F., Razavi, B. M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). The effects of Ginkgo biloba on metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 34(8), 1798–1811. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6646

Guarana

346. Bortolin, R. C., Vargas, A. R., de Miranda Ramos, V., Gasparotto, J., Chaves, P. R., Schnorr, C. E., da Boit Martinello, K., Silveira, A. K., Gomes, H. M., Rabelo, T. K., Grunwald, M. S., Ligabue-Braun, R., Gelain, D. P., & Moreira, J. (2019). Guarana supplementation attenuated obesity, insulin resistance, and adipokines dysregulation induced by a standardized human Western diet via brown adipose tissue activation. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(5), 1394–1403. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6330

Yohimbine

347. Yohimbine. (2020). In LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Fenugreek

348. Mansoori A, Hosseini S, Zilaee M, Hormoznejad R, Fathi M. Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: A meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):1550-1555. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6627. Epub 2020 Feb 11. PMID: 32048383.

349. Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Hu M, Lu F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.003. Epub 2016 Aug 2. PMID: 27496582.

350. Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A Review on Ethnobotanical and Therapeutic Uses of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016 Jan;21(1):53-62. doi: 10.1177/2156587215583405. Epub 2015 Apr 27. PMID: 25922446.

N- Acetyl Cysteine

351. Millea P. J. (2009). N-acetylcysteine: multiple clinical applications. American family physician, 80(3), 265–269.

352. Rushworth, G. F., & Megson, I. L. (2014). Existing and potential therapeutic uses for N-acetylcysteine: the need for conversion to intracellular glutathione for antioxidant benefits. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 141(2), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.006

Indole-3-Carbinol

353. Wu Y, Li RW, Huang H, Fletcher A, Yu L, Pham Q, Yu L, He Q, Wang TTY. Inhibition of Tumor Growth by Dietary Indole-3-Carbinol in a Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model May Be Associated with Disrupted Gut Microbial Interactions. Nutrients. 2019 Feb 22;11(2):467. doi: 10.3390/nu11020467. PMID: 30813350; PMCID: PMC6413210.

Eucalyptus

354. Dhakad AK, Pandey VV, Beg S, Rawat JM, Singh A. Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Feb;98(3):833-848. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8600. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 28758221.

355. Nwabor OF, Vongkamjan K, Voravuthikunchai SP. Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Biofilm Formation, Motility, Hemolysin Production, and Cell Membrane of the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019 Aug;16(8):581-589. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2620. Epub 2019 Apr 18. PMID: 30998111

Burdock Root

356. Chan, Y. S., Cheng, L. N., Wu, J. H., Chan, E., Kwan, Y. W., Lee, S. M., Leung, G. P., Yu, P. H., & Chan, S. W. (2011). A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology, 19(5), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4

Bladderwrack

357. Merino, J. J., Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J. M., Toledano Gasca, A., & Cabaña-Muñoz, M. E. (2019). The Long-Term Algae Extract (Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg++, Sn) Levels in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgam Fillings Restorations. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 8(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040101

358. Murray, M., Dordevic, A. L., Cox, K., Scholey, A., Ryan, L., & Bonham, M. P. (2018). Study protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial investigating the impact of 12 weeks supplementation with a Fucus vesiculosus extract on cholesterol levels in adults with elevated fasting LDL cholesterol who are overweight or have obesity. BMJ open, 8(12), e022195. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022195

359. Cox, A. J., Cripps, A. W., Taylor, P. A., Fitton, J. H., & West, N. P. (2020). Fucoidan Supplementation Restores Fecal Lysozyme Concentrations in High-Performance Athletes: A Pilot Study. Marine drugs, 18(8), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18080412